CAMPBELL, WILLIAM EDWARD

Source: Compiled by Homecoming II Project 30 June 1990 from one or more of the following: raw data from U.S. Government agency sources, correspondence with POW/MIA families, published sources, interviews. Updated by the P.O.W. NETWORK 2001 with information from Bob Hipps. Updated 2002.

REMARKS:

SYNOPSIS: The F4 Phantom, used by Air Force, Marine and Navy air wings, served a multitude of functions including fighter-bomber and interceptor, photo and electronic surveillance. The two man aircraft was extremely fast (Mach 2), and had a long range (900 - 2300 miles, depending on stores and mission type). The F4 was also extremely maneuverable and handled well at low and high altitudes. The F4 was selected for a number of state-of-the-art electronics conversions, which improved radar intercept and computer bombing capabilities enormously. Most pilots considered it one of the "hottest" planes around.

Major William E. Campbell was a Phantom pilot assigned a combat mission over Laos on January 29, 1969. His bombardier/navigator on the mission was Capt. Robert E. Holton. Their mission would take them to the Mu Gia Pass area of Laos.

The Mu Gia Pass was one of several passageways through the mountainous border of Vietnam and Laos. American aircraft flying from Thailand to missions over North Vietnam flew through them regularly, and many aircraft were lost. On the Laos side of the border coursed the "Ho Chi Minh Trail," a road system heavily traveled by North Vietnamese troops moving materiel and personnel to their destinations through the relative safety of neutral Laos, coursing into Laos through the Mu Gia Pass and traveling south. The return ratio of men lost in and around the passes is far lower than that of those men lost in more populous areas, even though both were shot down by the same enemy and the same weapons. This is partly due to the extremely rugged terrain and resulting difficulty in recovery.

During the mission, Campbell's aircraft was hit by enemy fire and crashed. Both Campbell and Holton were listed Missing in Action since the distinct possibility existed that they both survived to be captured.

Campbell and Holton are among nearly 600 Americans who are missing in Laos. The prisoners held by the Lao were not dealt for in the peace agreements that ended American involvement in Southeast Asia. When 591 American prisoners were released from Vietnam in 1973, no Lao-held American prisoners were among them. Even though the Lao publicly referred to the prisoners they held, no agreement has ever been made for their release.

Since the end of the war, over 10,000 reports of Americans alive and held in captivity have been received by our government. The evidence suggests that hundreds are still waiting to come home. Detractors say that the U.S. is ignoring good information on POWs for political expediency; the U.S. Government says that actionable evidence is not available.

There are nearly 2500 Americans missing in Southeast Asia. Unlike "MIAs"from other wars, most of these men and women can be accounted for. The overwhelming priority, however, must be for those who are alive. Every effort must be made to free them and bring them home.

William E. Campbell, who graduated from Texas A & M in 1952, was promoted to the rank of Colonel during the period he was maintained missing.

Updated 03/09/97 by the P.O.W. NETWORK with the following provided by Cathy Campbell, RN, MN of Georgia.

I am the oldest of four children in an Air Force family. I was born in 1951 the year before my Dad graduated from Texas A & M. He went directly into the military choosing the Air Force as his career. My Dad had just graduated from the Air Force Institute with a Master's degree in Logistics, and we were on our way to Tucson, Arizona, where he would receive his F-4 fighter pilot training. He had volunteered for a tour of duty in Vietnam, and on Memorial weekend of 1968, he left for Ubon, Thailand. He was 38 years old. Mom and we children moved to Independence, Kansas, to be closer to her parents.

Dad's squadron was called the "Nite Owls" because they flew their missions at night. Flying over Laos they bombed in North Vietnam. His tour was to be at least 6 months long during which he had to accomplish 100 missions. In order for a mission to be a "counter", their ordinance (weapons) had to destroy a military target in enemy territory; otherwise, the mission was considered a "freebie." Daddy's plan was to finish his tour by Christmas, and then our next assignment was a Logistics position for him in Hawaii.

President Johnson called a bombing halt in October 1968, and this put a serious delay in my Dad's plan to get his 100 missions completed by Christmas. He did, however, travel to Kansas on leave to spend Christmas with us. I remember sitting in church for a midnight Christmas Eve service studying my Dad's eyes. I wondered what was really going on over there. He said one thing, but I felt his eyes had something else to say.

He returned to Thailand, and on January 29, 1969, his plane was shot down. The following facts were painful for me: he wrote in a letter the day before that he had a cold and was feeling a little "under the weather"; the mission was flown during the day rather than his customary night routine (which my Dad did not like for the obvious high visibility reasons); and his regular co-pilot was not with him. What influence did any of these things have on that day? Who knows?

The plane was hit by a ground-to-air missile in the Mu Gia Pass area of Laos. Although the other planes in the mission did not see any parachutes nor did they hear any beeper distress signals, they did see my Dad's plane hit the ground and explode as they circled back. Because of the uncertainty, however, and given the fact his plane went down in inaccessible enemy territory the military carried my Dad and his co-pilot as MIA.

Needless to say, this was a tremendously hard time for the rest of my family and me. We were told not to discuss the situation, and "don't cry he just might be alive!"

What has happened since 1969? In February and March of 1973, about 591 Prisoners of War (POW) were released during Operation Homecoming (Leonard, 1993). According to a newspaper interview with my Mom in 1993, this was the "hardest of times" when her husband was not among those prisoners. "'I think he did live, but now he is probably dead,' Campbell said" (Rodgers, 1993).

In June 1978 the government reviewed their records and decided to change my Dad's status from MIA to KIA (killed in action). The Air Force held a Memorial service in Las Vegas where my Mom had relocated with my two younger brothers. The service included a 21-gun salute and a "missing man" flyover of four F-4 planes. I personally found the service very difficult and frustrating, and I did not cry.

Over ten years later in 1989, a Lao village person went to a military base and offered to sell my Dad's 1952 Texas A & M class ring for information. The government and my Mom endured many negotiations of red tape, and eventually the ring was returned to us in 1991. I finally sat on the kitchen floor and had a heart wrenching cry as my 11-year-daughter hugged me. My sister has the ring now, and we siblings plan to donate his ring to Texas A & M's "Rings with a History'' Museum.

In 1993 we received photographs of my Dad's Smith & Wesson service revolver that had been displayed in Hanoi's Air Defense Museum The pistol bears the serial number of the one issued to my Dad. Mom's reaction was "I want my husband's gun!" (Rodgers, 1993). My honest reaction was I wish they would leave us alone. Exactly who "they" were I did not know, but I personally found the new information painful.

The story is not done yet. In September 1994 we received an unclassified report which stated "approximately 46 human bone fragments and two human teeth (one with a restoration)" had been recovered in the area where my Dad's plane went down. The recovered remains were sent to Hawaii for extensive testing. A month later we were sent another unclassified report claiming "Upon further analysis by the USA Central Identification Lab, these remains were determined to be inconsistent with records for the individuals unaccounted for in REFNO 1368." The REFNO 1368 refers to my Dad's F-4 crash site. I realize the government is under enormous pressure to account for as many MlAs as possible, but I found the new unclassified reports very difficult to handle. It hurts so much and has for a long time.

In the early 1980's people who fled in boats from war-torn Vietnam gave accounts of four Caucasians living in a cave in nearby Laos. Where the cave is located, however, had been bombed during the war. In her 1993 interview, my Mom stated she "hopes a secret, U.S. government team, known as Stoney Beach, based in Honolulu, will search the cave when the monsoon season subsides. She said the team intends to excavate the cave to uncover teeth or bone fragments of anyone who died there" (Rodgers, 1993). My Mom died unexpectedly in her sleep at age 64 in 1995. She never remarried. As she had requested, Mom was cremated and we children placed her urn in Arlington Cemetery at a special ceremony the Air Force Mortuary Services arranged for our family. She wanted the remains of my Dad to be buried in Arlington Cemetery. None of us thought Mom would get there first. Unofficially Air Force personnel have told me any recovered remains of my Dad could be placed in a full-size burial plot in Arlington Cemetery, and Mom's urn could be added to the plot as well. This would give me an immense peace of mind, but I realize it may never happen.

I choose to believe my Dad died in the plane crash, but there are some disturbing doubts which I find very painful. How did the ring and pistol survive the crash? It has been very hard for me to grieve. I have lived with a denial and dread of the intense grief.

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http://www.theeagle.com/aandmnews/100502ringreturn.htm

Family seeks closure in return of A&M class ring

October 5, 2002 By CRAIG KAPITAN Eagle Staff Writer

"It is with deep personal concern that I officially inform you that your husband, Major William E. Campbell , is missing in action in Southeast Asia."

Claretta Campbell, wife of Aggie William Campbell, received the Air Force dispatch in January 1969, during the height of the war in Vietnam.

Although she and her four children would never see Campbell again, would never find his remains and would never know what happened to him, they were able to hold on to one memento: His 1952 class ring.

Family members met with A&M officials and a few of Campbell's old school friends Friday when they returned the ring to the university.

The cherished memento, which was recovered in Thailand in 1991, will accompany more than 100 other class rings in The Association of Former Students Rings With a History Museum.

The ceremony to return the ring was a symbolic homecoming for Campbell, said A&M President Robert Gates.

"Take pride in the knowledge that the world is a better place for his participation in the struggle," he told Campbell's family. "He did not fail."

In 1968, Campbell volunteered for a tour of duty in Vietnam. Soon after, he was shot down while flying his F4 Phantom over the Mu Gia Pass in Laos, near the Vietnam border.

According to the Air Force dispatch after his disappearance, no parachute was seen before the aircraft hit the ground. Nine years later, the military declared him Presumed Killed in Action.

When Claretta Campbell received the ring in 1991, she had it refitted and wore it every day, her children said. She was the one who turned William's ring at his senior Ring Dance in 1952, symbolizing his passage from student to former student. When she died in 1995, it was partially due to the heartbreak over "that ambiguous loss," said daughter Cathy Campbell.

Claretta Campbell's children honored her wish that the ring eventually be returned to her husband's alma mater.

"It was very difficult losing him the way we did, not knowing all those years what happened and trying to resolve this whole thing by ourselves," Cathy Campbell said during the ceremony.

"Thank you for giving this ring a proper resting place," she said. "Thank you for giving us a sense of closure. The legacy of the Texas A&M ring is now complete."

 Craig Kapitan's e-mail address is ckapitan@theeagle.com.